The Internet of Things Fire Detection System (IoT FDS)
Prescribed under Hong Kong Cap. 572, Cap. 95B, and FSD Circular Letters No. 3/2026 and 6/2026 as an accepted alternative to statutory hose reel and manual fire alarm systems in target buildings of six storeys or below. The specification mandates strict circuit reliability and overall system availability targets of at least 99.95%. Built on a hybrid communications architecture, it utilizes in-building LPWAN wireless sensor networks (such as 920–925 MHz LoRa) paired with cellular backhauls (such as dual-SIM 4G LTE) to achieve rapid incipient-stage fire detection, automatically dispatching confirmed alarms to the Fire Services Communications Centre (FSCC) via CFATS and streaming real-time operational data to HKFSD servers via secure HTTPS Web APIs.
Operational Functions: The platform employs multi-sensor fusion logic combining smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) sensing; a single sensor trigger sends a silent pre-alarm to the cloud platform, whereas simultaneous smoke and CO triggers initiate a verified FIRE event, sounding the local detector buzzer and the building alarm. Frontline firefighters interact with gateways using a dedicated HKFSD Android mobile app via two-factor authentication (app credentials plus physical NFC gateway tap) to silence local alarms, isolate faulty devices, or perform administrative system resets. Additional core capabilities include automated occupant alerting (SMS, WhatsApp, email), immutable 12-month audit logging, dual-server hot-standby disaster recovery, 30-second gateway cellular failover, and local data buffering during network outages.
Included Equipment List: The hardware required for an IoT FDS deployment comprises:
Multi-Sensor Detectors: Wireless dual smoke and CO detectors powered by parallel independent non-rechargeable batteries (minimum 3-year lifespan) with built-in buzzers (≥65 dB(A) at 1m).
Gateways: Intelligent dual-SIM / Ethernet transmission hubs (minimum 2 per building for joint-defense redundancy) featuring 72-hour secondary battery backups and NFC stickers.
Manual Call Points (MCPs) & Alarm Sounders: Manual break-glass units (installed at 0.9m–1.2m height) linked to building sounders (≥65 dB(A) at 3m inside main doors), with optional TMFAD mode support.
Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers: Approved 5 kg dry powder extinguishers (2 per staircase landing / non-domestic unit).
Operational Functions: The platform employs multi-sensor fusion logic combining smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) sensing; a single sensor trigger sends a silent pre-alarm to the cloud platform, whereas simultaneous smoke and CO triggers initiate a verified FIRE event, sounding the local detector buzzer and the building alarm. Frontline firefighters interact with gateways using a dedicated HKFSD Android mobile app via two-factor authentication (app credentials plus physical NFC gateway tap) to silence local alarms, isolate faulty devices, or perform administrative system resets. Additional core capabilities include automated occupant alerting (SMS, WhatsApp, email), immutable 12-month audit logging, dual-server hot-standby disaster recovery, 30-second gateway cellular failover, and local data buffering during network outages.
Included Equipment List: The hardware required for an IoT FDS deployment comprises:
Multi-Sensor Detectors: Wireless dual smoke and CO detectors powered by parallel independent non-rechargeable batteries (minimum 3-year lifespan) with built-in buzzers (≥65 dB(A) at 1m).
Gateways: Intelligent dual-SIM / Ethernet transmission hubs (minimum 2 per building for joint-defense redundancy) featuring 72-hour secondary battery backups and NFC stickers.
Manual Call Points (MCPs) & Alarm Sounders: Manual break-glass units (installed at 0.9m–1.2m height) linked to building sounders (≥65 dB(A) at 3m inside main doors), with optional TMFAD mode support.
Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers: Approved 5 kg dry powder extinguishers (2 per staircase landing / non-domestic unit).